Space Weather
Current Conditions
The Kp index (0–9) measures geomagnetic disturbance — values above 5 indicate a geomagnetic storm and possible aurora visibility at mid-latitudes. X-ray flux shows the current solar flare class (A < B < C < M < X), where M- and X-class flares can disrupt radio communications. Solar wind speed (typically 300–400 km/s) and proton density drive geomagnetic effects when elevated. The sunspot number tracks the solar cycle; higher counts correlate with more frequent flares and storms. NOAA scales summarize current conditions: R (radio blackout), S (solar radiation), G (geomagnetic storm), each rated 0 (quiet) to 5 (extreme).
11-Year Solar Cycle
The Sun follows an approximately 11-year activity cycle. The smoothed sunspot number (solid line) tracks monthly averages, while the dashed line shows NOAA's prediction with a confidence band. We are currently in Solar Cycle 25.
Aurora Forecast
Aurora (polar lights) visibility depends on geomagnetic activity and your latitude. The Kp index determines how far south the aurora oval extends. A strongly negative Bz (southward interplanetary magnetic field) opens Earth's magnetosphere, making aurora more likely. High solar wind speed and density amplify the effect.
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